Prather Site: July 2003 Auger Survey Preliminary Results

The first phase of field work for the survey took place during July 8-14, 2003, under the co- direction of C.A. Munson and R.G. McCullough.

The site was established and three permanent datums were set in concrete near fence lines. About 95% of the topographic mapping was completed and a preliminary map produced. Topographic mapping covered an area of about 14.0 ha or 34.6 acres, which extends beyond the reported site area of about 30 acres to show natural and modern features including springs, buildings, fences, and roads.

To identify the extent, types, and densities of Mississippian materials within a large multi-component site, initial auger sampling was carried out in 20- m intervals in north/south and east/west transects across the approximate center of the site. A tractor mounted 12-inch auger (30 cm diameter) was used to mechanically excavate soils at the selected locations The loosened soils were removed from the auger hole and the immediate area and collected by shovel and hand tools, and stockpiled or bucketed for screening through -inch mesh. After cleaning the sides of the auger hole, soil characteristics and stratigraphic relationships observed were documented and mapped on record forms; types and relative amounts of materials observed were noted. The depth of cultural materials and anthrosols was carefully checked. Screening took place over the auger locations, so the holes could be efficiently backfilled.

The sampling procedure proved to be both efficient and effective for obtaining controlled volume samples of cultural materials, as we had predicted, but fragile artifacts (bone and pottery) were found to be even less broken than in standard 30 cm-shovel probes or shovel-excavated 0.5 x
0.5 meter squares. Additional auger samples in short transects were added to expand initial observations, and to begin systematic coverage of the main Mississippian area. Several very deep auger samples revealed a probable mound with a burned structure, as well as deep features of unknown type.

In all, 51 grid locations were investigated by augering at 20-m intervals, within an area measuring 174,000 m2 or 1.74 ha, which is the equivalent of 4.3 ac. Excavated holes at datums were also screened, and additional special samples were collected (1 soil, 1 flotation, 2 in situ charcoal, 1 piece-plot, and 6 diagnostic artifacts found on the surface).

Following fieldwork, all collected materials were cleaned and readied for cataloging. Pre-modern aerial photographs were obtained from the Clark County NRCS office in the hope of identifying mound locations or prehistoric anthrosols. Initial results are negative.

The next phase of the survey will take place over 15 days of field work scheduled for October 22-November 9, 2003 (working Wednesday-Sunday).